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Electronic Resources for Creating Citations

 

 

Parenthetical citations are shown first, in parenthesis, as they would appear in the text.
The full bibliographic citation it refers to follows as it would appear in a bibliography.

 
One Author
Author's last name, Author's first name. Title of Book. City of publication: Publisher, date published.

Example:
(Meacham 68)
Meacham, Cory J. How the Tiger Lost Its Stripes: An     Exploration
        into the
Endangerment of a Species. New York: Harcourt  
        Brace,1997.

 
Two or Three Authors
First Author's last name, first Author's first name, and next Author's name(s). Title of Book. City of publication: Publisher, date published.

Example:
(Sieber and Walker 75)
Sieber, Roy, and Roslyn Adele Walker. African Art in the Cycle of
Life.
    
   Washington: Smithsonian, 1987.
 
More Than Three Authors
First Author's last name, first Author's first name, et. al. Title of Book. City of publication: Publisher, date published.

Example
(Bootzin 250)
Bootzin, Richard R., et al. Psychology Today: An Introduction. 7th ed.
       New
York:  McGraw-Hill, 1991.
 
No Author
(Chronicle of America 239)
Chronicle of America. New York: Dorling Kindersley, 1997.
 
Editor
Editor's last name, Editor's first name, ed. Title of Book. City of publication: Publisher, date published

Example
(Bloom 54)
Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Views: Homer. New York:
       Chelsea, 1986.
 
Corporate Author
(American Medical Association 235)
American Medical Association. The American Medical Association
       Encyclopedia of Medicine. New York: Random House, 1989.
 
Work in an Anthology
(Poe 210)
Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Raven.” Felleman, Hazel. The Best Loved
      Poems of the American People
. New York:  Doubleday, 1936.
     
209-211.
 
Multivolume Work with an Editor
(Cassidy 109)
Cassidy, Frederic G., ed. Dictionary of American Regional English. Vol.
       II.  Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1991.
 
Multivolume Work with an Author and Editor
(Sweeney 302)
Sweeney, James Ross. “Chivalry.” Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Ed.
       Joseph R. Strayer.
Vol. 3. New York:Scribners, 1989.

Multivolume Work with Different Title for Each Volume
(Home Front 77)
The Home Front. Danbury: Grolier, 1995. Vol. 1 of The New Grolier  
        Encyclopedia of World War I1. 8 vols.


Government Publication

(United States, Dept. of Labor 79) United States. Dept. of 
         Labor.  Occupational Outlook Handbook. 1996-97
                 Washington:
  GPO, 1996. {GPO stands for
                 Government Printing Office}

Excerpts of Criticism Cited in a Single Work

(Quinn 430)
Quinn, Arthur Hobson. Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography. Reprinted
       in Poetry
Criticism. Vol. 1 Ed. Robyn  V. Young. Detroit: Gale
       Research 1991. 430.


Pamphlet
(Facts 3)
Facts
1997. Detroit: Wayne State University, 1998.
 
Magazine Article with an Author
(Cartmill 19)
Cartmill, Matt. “Animal Minds, Animal Dreams.” Natural History Mar.
     1998:
16—20.
 
Magazine Article without an Author
(“New Light on the Shape of Galaxies” 22)
“New Light on the Shape of Galaxies.” Sky and Telescope Apr.
     1998:22.
 
 
Newspaper Article with an Author
(Wee Al)
Wee,  Eric L. “Turning to Teenagers for Tech Talent.” Washington
      Post 1 Mar.
1998: Al+.
 
Newspaper Article without an Author
(“U.N. Visits Continue” A25)
“U.N. Visits Continue, Iraq Says.” Washington Post 8 Mar. 1998: A25.
 
 
Almanac
(“Notable Books, 1996” 288)
“Notable Books, 1996.” The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1997.
 
Background Notes
(United States. Dept. of State.)
United States. Dept. of State. “Belarus.” Background Notes.
    
Washington: GPO, 1996.  {GPO stands for Government Printing
      Office} 
 
Culturgram
 
(“Ireland” n.pag.) {n.pag. indicates no page number appears in the
source}
“Ireland.” Culturgram ‘98. Provo: Brigham Young University, 1997.
 
CQ Weekly Report
 
(Ota 1268)
Ota, Alan K. “America Hits the Highways and Congress Must
     Navigate.” 16
May 1998 Congressional Quarterly  Weekly Report.
    
Washington:
Congressional Quarterly, 1988.
 
Editorials on File
(The Indianapolis News n.pag.)
The Indianapolis News. 20 Feb. 1998 Editorials on File, 1998. New
     York:
Facts on File, 1988.
 
Social Issues Resources Series (SIRS)
(Dohrmann Cl)
Dohrmann, George, and Steve Henson. “A New Ballgame for High
     School
Athletes.” Los Angeles Times 19 June 1997:C1+. Sports.
    
Ed. Eleanor
Goldstein. Vol. 5. Boca Raton:  SIRS, Art. 30.
 
 
General Encyclopedia Article with an Author
Author's last name, Author's first name. "Title of Article." Title of Encyclopedia. Edition.

Example
(Wertheim){Page number is not necessary from an alphabetical work}
 Wertheim, Albert. “Globe Theatre.” The World Book Encyclopedia.
     
1997 ed.
 
General Encyclopedia Article without an Author
"Title of Article." Title of Encyclopedia. Volume if known. Edition.

Example:
(“Ballooning”) {Page number is not necessary from an alphabetical work}
“Ballooning.” Encyclopedia Americana. 1997 ed.
 
Specialized Encyclopedia
(Whorton 144)
Whorton, James C. “Animal Research: Historical Aspects.”
      Encyclopedia of Bioethics. Ed.
Warren Thomas Reich. 5 vols. New
      York: Macmillan, 1995
.
 
                          ELECTRONIC SOURCES: INTERNET
eEmail
Author of message, last name first. <Internet address>. "Title of Message."  Means of transmission to individual, <Internet address>. Date of message.

Example:
Bradburn, Frances. <bradbur@dpi.state.nc.us>. "Your AUP." Private e-mail message to Molly Media Coordinator, <mmedoc@anyschool.nc.org>. 1 April 1996.
 
Encyclopedia
(“Globe Theatre”)
“Globe Theatre.” Britannica Online. Vers. 98.1.1. Mar. 1998.
      Encyclopaedia Britannica. 7 Mar. 1998 {date database was
      accessed} <http://www.ed.com:180>.
 
NewsBank
(Dietrich)
Dietrich, Bill. “Antarctica Under the Ozone Hole.” Seattle Times 6 Apr.
     1997: Al. Mar. 1998.  NewsBank NewsFile Collection. Cherry Creek
     High School Lib.,Englewood, CO. 7
  Mar. 1998 {date database
     was accessed}
<http://www.newsbank.com>.
 
Social Issues Resources Series (SIRS)
(Winton)
Winton, Ben. “Single Dad Double Duty.” Phoenix Gazette 2 Oct. 1994:
      Gl+. Feb. 1998. SIRS  Researcher on the Web. McLean High
      School Lib., McLean, VA. 7 Mar. 1998 {date
database was
      accessed
}
<http://Researcher.SIRS .com>.
 
Magazine Article
Author's name if given (last name first). “Title of Page or Document.” Title of Site or Larger Work. Date of electronic publication. <URL (address) of document>. Accessed day month year.

Example:
(Sudo)
Sudo, Phil. “The State of the Earth.” Scholastic Update 21 Mar.
      1997:2+. Mar. 1998. Infotrak SearchBank:  General Reference
      Center Gold.
Westlake High School Lib., 7 Mar.
1998 {date
      database was accessed}
<
http://www.searchbank.com/
       searchbank/eisd_wlhs>.
 
Reference Source
(“Toni Morrison”)
“Toni Morrison.” Galenet: Discovering Authors. Mar. 1998. Gale
       Research. 7
Mar. 1998 (date database was accessed}
        <http://galenet.gale.com>.
 
 Scientific Site
(American Cancer Society) {name of corporate author}
       Cancer  Information 13 Sept. 1998. American Cancer
      Society. 13 Sept. 1998
{date database  was accessed}
      <http://www.cancer.org>.
 
Professional Site
(Archaeological Institute of America) {name of corporate author}
Archaeological Institute of America. 9 Sept. 1998 Archaeological
     Institute of
America. 17 Sept. 1998 {date database was
     accessed}
<http://www.archaeological.org/projects/AIA
     Websites.html>.


Personal Site
(Jones)
Jones, Monica. College Stuff Here! 16 Sept. 1998. {date database
      was
accessed
      <http://members.aol.com/Martian181/college.html>.
 
Commercial Site
(ESPN) {name of corporate author}
ESPN.com 19 Sept. 1998 ESPN Internet Ventures. 19 Sept. 1998
     {date database was
accessed}  <http://ESPN.SportsZone.com>.
 
 
Encyclopedia
(“Climate and Weather”)
“Climate and Weather: Greenhouse Effect Induced by Carbon Dioxide
     and Other
Trace Gases.”  Britannica CD. CD-ROM. Encyclopedia
     Britannica.
1995.
 
 NONPRINT SOURCES  Interview
 
(Romer)
Romer, Roy. Personal interview. 24 Feb. 1998.
     {Use type of interview: such as personal interview, telephone
      interview}
 
Media (videotapes, videodiscs, film, etc.)
(To Kill a Mockingbird)
To Kill a Mockingbird. Dir. Robert Mulligan. Perf. Gregory Peck. 1962.
      Videocassette. MCA, 1987.
 
  Art / Photographs
(Bierstadt)
Bierstadt, Albert. Rocky Pool, New Hampshire. Denver Art Museum,
      Denver.


Television or Radio Program
(Washington Week in Review)
Washington Week in Review. PBS. KRMA, Denver. 14 June 1998.

Sound Recording
(Ledbetter)
Ledbetter, Huddie. Leadbelly Sings Folk Songs. Pert Leadbelly, Woody
      Guthrie, Cisco
Houston, and Sonny  Terry. Smithsonian Folkways
      Records, 1980.


Works Cited pages:  Alphabetize by the first word in the citation excluding articles "a", "an" and "the".  The first line of the citation begins at the left margin, additional lines are indented 5 spaces to the right.
 

Start here":

http://www.chccs.k12.nc.us/echhs/mediacenter/echhs_citing_sources.htm#BookOneAuthor